A 2024 guideline from the US-based American College of Gastroenterology uses the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) only as one part of an alcohol-associated hepatitis assessment. Raw values, symptoms, exposure history and other tests determine follow-up.
The US Food and Drug Administration cleared AEYE-DS for use with the handheld Optomed Aurora retinal camera on April 23, 2024. The system automatically returns a screening result, but its authorization and performance data have defined limits.
A 2026 Hong Kong cohort study found that speech-response EEG data collected in infancy could help forecast language delay through 32 months of age. The model retained an area under the curve above 0.90 in an independent test set, but it has not been validated across languages or presented as a stand-alone diagnosis.
A 2020 international consensus statement recommends measuring waist circumference alongside BMI because the two measures capture different aspects of health risk. Waist-to-height ratio offers a simple screening check, but neither measurement diagnoses visceral fat or metabolic disease.
A Taipei pharmacists' group and a private health association are expanding a program that links community pharmacies with clinics and corporate sponsors. The initiative proposes foot, bone and eye risk checks, but its promoters have not published test accuracy, referral completion or health-outcome data.
The World Health Organization's updated care framework asks primary-care teams to assess changes in older adults' physical and mental capacities alongside their medical conditions. Walking speed, chair rises and grip strength can inform that review, but none provides a diagnosis or proves what caused a decline.
European food-safety assessors said in 2025 that available evidence still could not establish a safe daily intake of monacolins from red yeast rice supplements. Monacolin K is structurally identical to lovastatin, and products may vary in strength and contamination risk.
A mildly raised thyroid-stimulating hormone result with normal free thyroxine often leads to repeat blood tests rather than immediate treatment. The decision changes when TSH remains at least 10 mIU/L, symptoms persist, thyroid antibodies are present or pregnancy is involved.
KDIGO's 2024 guideline defines chronic kidney disease by abnormalities that persist for at least three months, not by one eGFR result. The estimate needs to be read with urine albumin, prior results and factors that can distort creatinine-based calculations.
European cardiology guidelines retained risk-based LDL cholesterol targets in 2025, ranging from below 116 mg/dL for low-risk adults to below 55 mg/dL for those at very high risk. The figures are treatment goals within a European framework, not universal laboratory reference ranges.
An HbA1c result from 5.7% to 6.4% falls within the American Diabetes Association's prediabetes range for nonpregnant people. The result reflects roughly three months of glucose exposure, but it needs clinical context and may require confirmation.
Current clinical guidance treats ALT and AST as markers of liver-cell injury, not a complete measure of liver function. Results must be read against the laboratory range, symptoms, medical history and other tests because serious liver disease can occur with normal enzyme levels.
